📖 Mining Farm Build Guide
From Energy to Hashrate
A Visual Walkthrough of the Full Build process
No black boxes. We break down energy sourcing, cooling principles, heat recovery, and infrastructure so you can see every technical detail, backed by Apexto Mining industrial-grade solutions.
Total Deployed Capacity
Countries/Regions Covered
Delivered Projects
Mining Farm 101 Overview
Understand the core logic in minutes: power, cooling, and operations. Master the concepts first, then dive into the details.
⚡Power Drives Cost and Stability
Target capacity determines transformers, distribution, and cabling. Grid stability affects hashrate uptime.
〰 Cooling Impacts Efficiency and Lifespan
Cooling choices define PUE, noise, and maintenance effort, and affect device longevity and OC headroom.
∿ Operations Determine Uptime
Networks, spares, and inspections drive recovery speed and shape long-term returns.
📘Quick Glossary
- MW: Power unit. 1MW = 1000kW, indicating site load capacity.
- kWh: Energy unit used to calculate electricity bills and consumption.
- TH/s: Hashrate unit, measuring miner computing power.
- PUE: Total energy / IT energy. Closer to 1.0 is more efficient.
⇄ Selection Cheat Sheet
- Stable grid and low tariffs: prioritize grid supply.
- Plentiful gas: gas generation improves autonomy.
- High renewable share: storage + EMS stabilizes output.
- Hot/dusty/noise-sensitive: hydro or immersion is calmer and steadier.
- Limited budget and open sites: air cooling is cheaper but louder with higher PUE.
1
Energy & Conversion
Grid / Gas / Solar
2
Cooling Decisions
Air / Hydro / Oil
3
Heating / Recycle
Heating / Recycle
4
Infrastructure
Infra
5
Ops Pitfalls
Ops & Risk
Energy Sourcing: Three Paths Explained
Power is not only cost, but the foundation of stability. Your energy source determines whether you need transformers, generators, or storage.
⚡ Grid Supply (Grid)
Flow: high-voltage input -> transformer -> distribution
Transformer Selection Guide
A unique grid step: step down 10/35kV transmission to miner-friendly 415V/380V.
SCB14 Dry-type Transformer
Recommended: container-integrated
Fire-safe and robust. Integrates inside the container to reduce low-voltage cable losses.
S13 Oil-immersed Transformer
Recommended: outdoor standalone
Weather-resistant with strong heat dissipation, ideal for outdoor substations and lower cost.
🔥 Gas Generation (Gas Genset)
Flow: gas source -> pretreatment -> gas genset -> distribution
Designed for Associated Gas
The key is the upstream scrubber. Remove H2S and moisture to protect engines. Depending on output voltage and distribution, a secondary transformer may be unnecessary.
Modular containerized gensets across power ranges, bundled with full pretreatment systems.
☀ Solar/Wind (Solar & Wind)
Flow: solar/turbine -> inverter -> battery -> distribution -> miners
Why BESS is Required
Renewables are intermittent. Without storage, voltage swings can damage hashboards.
🔋System Building Blocks
- PCS converters: bi-directional AC/DC conversion.
- BESS battery clusters: store energy like reservoirs for smooth output.
- EMS system: smart switching among solar, wind, and grid.
Cooling Decisions: Principles and Live Demos
We go beyond concepts to show real physics. From air convection to dual-loop liquid exchange, every solution has its own logic.
Core KPI
Understand PUE first, then compare cooling options.
? What is PUE (Power Usage Effectiveness)?
PUE = Total Energy / IT Energy
The closer to 1.0, the better—less overhead from cooling and auxiliaries.
More Power-Saving
Lower O&M
💨 Traditional Air Cooling
Negative pressure duct / evaporative curtain
Key Notes
Noise: air-cooled farms can exceed 90dB (depends on model and conditions). Plan buffer distances.
Silent: choose quiet air models for home/IDC use.
Pros
Cons
💧 Hydro Cooling
Dual loop / liquid heat exchange
Key Notes
Water quality: requires professional water treatment and CDU management.
Environment: more stable in hot/dusty sites.
Pros
Cons
🌊 Immersion Cooling
Full immersion / extreme cooling
Key Notes
DIY: air miners can be converted with tanks and fan spoofers.
Warranty: removing OEM fans voids warranty.
Pros
Cons
🍃ESG & Sustainability
Heat Recovery: Second Life of Energy
Mining should not only consume energy—it should also produce heat. With advanced heat exchange, high-grade heat can serve homes or industry, unlocking second-use value.
🏠
Home Use: Bitcoin Heater
Use a Jingle silent air miner as a winter heat source. Earn BTC while heating—offsetting electricity costs under the right conditions.
Home Heating
Clothes Drying
🏭
Industrial & Agriculture: Scaled Heating
Use 60°C+ hot water from hydro/immersion systems to replace gas or electric boilers and cut operating costs.
🌱Greenhouse Farming
🐟Aquaculture
🏢Community Heating
🌊Pool Heating
Site Infrastructure: The Final Puzzle
Apexto Mining delivers core hardware plus complete infrastructure. Choose rapid container deployment or cost-efficient retrofits.
Apexto Selected
Plan A
Factory-built with distribution, PDU, network switches, exhaust fans, and hot/cold aisle.
On-site: just plug power and network to start.
Air Version
Hydro Version
Configuration Highlights
Plan B
Factory Retrofit
Turn idle warehouses into standard mining farms with modular components.
Idle Warehouse Use
Modular Components
Retrofit Components
🌀
Negative Pressure Ventilation
Industrial fans + automated louvers
💧
Water Curtain Wall
Evaporative cooling filters dust and drops intake temp by 5-10°C
▦
Hot/Cold Aisle Partitions
PC endurance board prevents hot air recirculation
Ops Pitfalls: Key Construction & O&M Know-how
These basics are often overlooked but crucial. Master them to judge stability and compliance.
🔌Electrical Basics
✓
ZR-YJV Flame-Retardant Cable
Use XLPE insulated flame-retardant cables to avoid fire risks from ordinary PVC.
✓
Regular Thermal Inspections
Scan terminals to find hotspots early and avoid failures from poor contacts.
💧Water Quality
🛡
Inner Loop
Contacts miners; strict requirements. Must use deionized water (conductivity < 5μS/cm).
✓
Outer Loop
Connected to cooling tower; more lenient. Treated water is ok but add antifreeze and biocide/algaecide.
🌐Network Basics
✓
Dual-WAN Redundancy
Primary fiber + backup Starlink/4G to reduce hashrate downtime.
🛡
VLAN Isolation
Physically separate production and management networks to prevent full-site spread.
📦Spare Parts Inventory
ℹ
Repairs often take 20-30 days. To protect uptime, stock:
2% Spare PSUs
5% Spare Fans
1% Control Boards
🖥Management Tools
Basic Management
Use vendor tools (e.g., BTC Tools) for batch pool configs and firmware updates.
Advanced Management
Recommend Foreman or Awesome Miner for automation, heatmaps, and yield analytics.
🌡Environment Control
💧
Dew Point Monitoring
Evaporative cooling raises humidity. Monitor dew point to avoid condensation short circuits at night.
〰
Clean the Water Curtain
Curtains trap dust but clog with sludge. High-pressure cleaning is required to prevent overheating.
Ready to Build Your Mining Farm?
Share your power parameters and basic project details. Our engineering team will review your case and get in touch quickly to discuss your power layout, cooling plan, and budget estimate.
