📖 Mining Farm Build Guide
From Power Input to Mining Output
An End-to-End View of the Mining System
A complete walkthrough of energy sourcing, cooling principles, heat recovery, and infrastructure, clearly presented and supported by Apexto Mining’s industrial-grade solutions.
Total Deployed Capacity
Countries/Regions Covered
Delivered Projects
Mining Farm Essentials
A clear, structured guide to understanding the core elements of a mining operation.
⚡Power Determines Costs
The capacity you install sets transformer sizing, cabling layout, and power distribution. Reliable grid supply is crucial to keep your miners running smoothly and ensure long-term stability.
〰 Cooling Shapes Efficiency and Hardware Life
Your choice of cooling affects PUE, noise levels, maintenance effort, and miner longevity. Proper thermal management also protects against overclocking risks.
∿ Operations Drive Uptime
Efficient maintenance, spare parts availability, and regular inspections determine recovery speed from issues and influence your long-term returns.
📘Quick Reference
MW: Megawatt, 1 MW = 1000 kW, reflects site capacity.
kWh: Energy measurement for electricity use and billing.
TH/s: Measures miner computing power.
PUE: Ratio of total energy to IT energy. Lower numbers mean higher efficiency.
⇄ Site Selection Tips
Stable grid & low tariffs: prioritize a reliable electricity source.
Ample gas supply: improves operational independence.
High renewable share: storage + EMS smooths output.
Sensitive to heat, dust, or noise: hydro or immersion cooling keeps things calm.
Tight budget or open-air setups: air cooling is cheaper but noisier.
1
Power & Energy
Grid / Gas / Solar
2
Cooling Options
Hydro / Oil /Air
3
Heat Reuse
Heating / Recycle
4
Facility Setup
Planning & Deployment
5
Operational Risks
Ops & Risk
Energy Sourcing: Make the Right Choice
Your energy setup shapes your mining stability. The source you choose determines if your system requires transformers, standby generators, or storage solutions to maintain steady, reliable operation.
⚡ Grid Supply (Grid)
Flow: high-voltage input -> transformer -> distribution
Transformer Selection Guide
A critical step in the power chain: converting high-voltage 10/35kV transmission lines into miner-ready 415V/380V supply.
SCB14 Dry-type Transformer
Recommended: container-integrated
Safe, compact, and designed to keep your mining operation running smoothly while reducing energy loss.
S13 Oil-immersed Transformer
Recommended: outdoor standalone
Durable, weather-resistant, and highly efficient at heat dissipation—your budget-friendly solution for outdoor substations.
🔥 Gas Generation (Gas Genset)
Flow: gas source -> pretreatment -> gas genset -> distribution
Designed for Associated Gas
The upstream scrubber is crucial—removing H₂S and moisture to protect your engines. Depending on output voltage and distribution, a secondary transformer might not be needed.
Modular, containerized gensets available across different power ranges, complete with integrated pretreatment systems.
☀ Solar/Wind (Solar & Wind)
Flow: solar/turbine -> inverter -> battery -> distribution -> miners
Why BESS Is Essential
Renewable energy is intermittent. Without storage, voltage fluctuations can harm hashboards.
🔋System Building Blocks
PCS Converters: Bi-directional AC/DC conversion for flexible power flow.
BESS Battery Clusters: Store energy like reservoirs for steady, reliable output.
EMS System: Intelligent management for seamless switching between solar, wind, and grid power.
Cooling Decisions: Principles in Action
We move beyond theory to demonstrate real-world physics. From air convection to dual-loop liquid cooling, each solution follows its own logic.
Core KPI
Understand PUE first, then compare cooling options.
? What is PUE (Power Usage Effectiveness)?
PUE = Total Energy / IT Energy
The closer to 1.0, the better—less overhead from cooling and auxiliaries.
More Power-Saving
Lower O&M
💨 Traditional Air Cooling
Negative pressure duct / evaporative curtain
Key Notes
Noise: Air-cooled farms may exceed 90dB—plan buffer distances.
Silent: Opt for quiet air-cooled models for home or IDC use.
Pros
Cons
💧 Hydro Cooling
Dual loop / liquid heat exchange
Key Notes
Water quality: Needs professional treatment and CDU management.
Environment: Performs more reliably in hot or dusty locations.
Pros
Cons
🌊 Immersion Cooling
Full immersion / extreme cooling
Key Notes
DIY: Air miners can be modified with tanks and fan spoofers.
Warranty: Removing OEM fans manually will void your warranty.
Pros
Cons
🍃ESG & Sustainability
Heat Recovery: Energy Beyond Mining
Mining generates heat as well as hashrate. With advanced heat exchange, that heat can be reused for homes or industry, maximizing overall energy efficiency.
🏠
Home Use: Bitcoin Heater
Heat your home and mine Bitcoin at the same time—using a silent air miner to offset winter power costs.
Home Heating
Clothes Drying
🏭
Industrial & Agriculture: Scaled Heating
Leverage 60°C+ hot water from hydro or immersion systems to replace gas or electric boilers and significantly reduce operating costs.
🌱Greenhouse Farming
🐟Aquaculture
🏢Community Heating
🌊Pool Heating
Site Infrastructure: Built to Fit
Apexto Mining provides both core hardware and full site infrastructure—whether you need fast container deployment or cost-effective retrofit solutions.
Apexto Selected
Plan A
Factory-built with distribution, PDU, network switches, exhaust fans, and hot/cold aisle.
On-site: just plug power and network to start.
Air Version
Hydro Version
Configuration Highlights
Plan B
Factory Retrofit
Turn idle warehouses into standard mining farms with modular components.
Idle Warehouse Use
Modular Components
Retrofit Components
🌀
Negative Pressure Ventilation
Industrial fans + automated louvers
💧
Water Curtain Wall
Evaporative cooling filters dust and drops intake temp by 5-10°C
▦
Hot/Cold Aisle Partitions
PC endurance board prevents hot air recirculation
Ops Pitfalls: Know the Basics
These fundamentals are often overlooked, yet critical. Understanding them helps you evaluate system stability and compliance.
🔌Electrical Basics
✓
ZR-YJV Flame-Retardant Cable
Use XLPE insulated flame-retardant cables to avoid fire risks from ordinary PVC.
✓
Regular Thermal Inspections
Scan terminals to find hotspots early and avoid failures from poor contacts.
💧Water Quality
🛡
Inner Loop
Contacts miners; strict requirements. Must use deionized water (conductivity < 5μS/cm).
✓
Outer Loop
Connected to cooling tower; more lenient. Treated water is ok but add antifreeze and biocide/algaecide.
🌐Network Basics
✓
Dual-WAN Redundancy
Primary fiber + backup Starlink/4G to reduce hashrate downtime.
🛡
VLAN Isolation
Physically separate production and management networks to prevent full-site spread.
📦Spare Parts Inventory
ℹ
Repairs often take 20-30 days. To protect uptime, stock:
2% Spare PSUs
5% Spare Fans
1% Control Boards
🖥Management Tools
Basic Management
Use vendor tools (e.g., BTC Tools) for batch pool configs and firmware updates.
Advanced Management
Recommend Foreman or Awesome Miner for automation, heatmaps, and yield analytics.
🌡Environment Control
💧
Dew Point Monitoring
Evaporative cooling raises humidity. Monitor dew point to avoid condensation short circuits at night.
〰
Clean the Water Curtain
Curtains trap dust but clog with sludge. High-pressure cleaning is required to prevent overheating.
Ready to Build Your Mining Farm?
Share your power parameters and basic project details. Our engineering team will review your case and get in touch quickly to discuss your power layout, cooling plan, and budget estimate.
